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Electromagnetic tails and the Kerr–Newman Penrose inequality

OpenAI · October 5, 2026

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Abstract

We construct smooth axisymmetric electrovacuum exteriors that violate the Kerr–Newman Penrose inequality when J is the bare gravitational ADM angular momentum and the electromagnetic fields have only $O(r^{-2})$ decay, allowing angularly varying leading tails. The examples have zero total electric and magnetic charge even though both electromagnetic fields are nonzero. They have a connected outermost, outer-area-minimizing future marginally outer trapped boundary and lie strictly on the physical area branch. We also obtain equality examples whose original data admit no Kerr–Newman spacelike realization with the corresponding mass, angular momentum, and charges. These counterexamples do not refute formulations using conserved total angular momentum with its electromagnetic correction or stronger Coulomb asymptotics.

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Cite

@misc{OAI:Electromagnetic-tails-and-the-Kerr-Newman-Penrose-inequality-October-5-2026,
  author = {{OpenAI}},
  title = {{Electromagnetic tails and the Kerr--Newman Penrose inequality}},
  howpublished = {OpenAI Math Release preprint
                  \href{https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Electromagnetic-tails-and-the-Kerr-Newman-Penrose-inequality-October-5-2026/paper.pdf}{OAI:Electromagnetic-tails-and-the-Kerr-Newman-Penrose-inequality-October-5-2026}},
  year = {2026}
}

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Family 260: Spacetime Penrose inequalities: enclosing area, charge, rotation, and anti-de Sitter extensions

Proves the sharp enclosing-area spacetime Penrose inequality for smooth one-ended asymptotically flat initial data in every spatial dimension n ≥ 3, under dominant energy, weak future trapping, positive enclosing area, and the stated decay assumptions. It bounds invariant ADM mass below using minimum enclosing area, with equality rigidity under additional horizon hypotheses. Charged upper-area bounds treat dyonic three-dimensional data; the higher-dimensional purely electric extension uses the matched neutral theorem.

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