Browse › Probability and statistical mechanics › 238 Optimal logarithmic mixing of the Thorp shuffle
Row–column symmetry and contraction of coordinate sweeps
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Abstract
We prove that the Thorp shuffle on $N=2^d$ labeled cards has full-permutation total-variation mixing time $\Theta(\log N)$ in physical shuffles. An absolute number of coordinate sweeps suffices for the upper bound.
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Notes
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work in progress
Collected automatically by AI tools (Claude Opus 5.5 and GPT-6 Astra, 2026-10-21) and not checked by a person. May be wrong or incomplete. Report an error.
Formalization
- OpenAI math release, Lean scope notes for family 238 (lean/docs/238.md, 2026). States that the formalization covers the weighted Schatten-moment bound giving sweep operator norm at most D^{-c} (WeightedSweepMoments.lean) and the row–column overlap estimate on occupied boards (OccupiedOverlap.lean); the full mixing conclusion is outside the scope. [family-level]
- punk01-shaka, OpenAI's Comparator configs leave 62 fully-written definitions unchecked (definition holes) (GitHub issue, 12 Oct 2026). Lists the OccupiedOverlap comparator config of family 238 as leaving 5 of 5 definitions as holes, so the automated check alone would not fix those definitions. [family-level]
Possibly relevant literature (found by the agent, not checked)
- Y. Jiang, A subquadratic upper bound for the mixing time of the Thorp shuffle (arXiv:2610.18884, 3 Oct 2026). Independent preprint proving a full-deck bound of order d^{5/3} for N=2^d; relevant for comparison with this paper's Θ(log N) claim. It does not mention the release. [family-level]
Digests and expositions
- Latent Seminar, Optimal logarithmic mixing of the Thorp shuffle (expository notes, 2026-10-06). Outlines all twelve manuscripts’ proof methods and formalization boundaries, explicitly disclaiming independent full-proof verification. [family-level]
- heyprof, Thorp shuffle: how often until the deck is random? (interactive exposition, undated). Illustrates the family’s full-deck mixing question with small-deck distributions, single-card marginals, and the support bound. [family-level]
Elsewhere
- Emergent Mind: family 238
Independent sites; their content is not reviewed here.
Cite
@misc{OAI:Row-column-symmetry-and-contraction-of-coordinate-sweeps-September-26-2026,
author = {{OpenAI}},
title = {{Row--column symmetry and contraction of coordinate sweeps}},
howpublished = {OpenAI Math Release preprint
\href{https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Row-column-symmetry-and-contraction-of-coordinate-sweeps-September-26-2026/paper.pdf}{OAI:Row-column-symmetry-and-contraction-of-coordinate-sweeps-September-26-2026}},
year = {2026}
}Lean formalization
OpenAI provides Lean files for this family: lean/docs/238.md. The Lean statements have not been checked by people against the paper's claims.
Family 238: Optimal logarithmic mixing of the Thorp shuffle
Proves that the Thorp shuffle randomizes $N=2^d$ labeled cards in $\Theta(\log N)$ physical shuffles, settling its optimal mixing order for power-of-two deck sizes. Convergence is in total variation from the worst initial ordering and concerns the entire permutation, not just individual card positions.
Other papers in this family:
- Optimal-order mixing of the Thorp shuffle · September 26, 2026
- Random coordinate frames and partial permutation laws · September 26, 2026
- From partial permutation information to Fourier bounds · September 26, 2026
- Conditional information under deterministic coordinate sweeps · September 26, 2026
- Conditional permutations in a revealed switching environment · September 26, 2026
- Routing densities and representation contraction for Thorp sweeps · September 26, 2026
- Random-subspace tests and trace smoothing for coordinate sweeps · September 26, 2026
- Compatibility entropy and the spectrum of a Thorp sweep · September 26, 2026
- Signed tensor densities and diagram budgets for the Thorp shuffle · September 26, 2026
- Conditional coordinate sweeps and analytic transfer · September 26, 2026
- A strict four-row permanent inequality and permutation moments · September 26, 2026