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No percolation at criticality on quasi-transitive graphs
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Abstract
We prove that critical Bernoulli bond percolation has no infinite cluster on any infinite connected locally finite quasi-transitive graph with critical probability less than one. This resolves the bond form of the criticality conjecture of Benjamini and Schramm.
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work in progress
Collected automatically by AI tools (Claude Opus 5.5 and GPT-6 Astra, 2026-10-21) and not checked by a person. May be wrong or incomplete. Report an error.
Follow-up works
- Nutelligence Research, Independent Research Inspired by OpenAI’s Critical Percolation Work (OpenAI Developer Community, post 15, 2026-10-17). This announcement explicitly cites family 213 as inspiration for claimed site-percolation results on periodic, quasi-transitive and specialized lattice graphs, reports Lean verification, and notes an additional assumption for the quasi-transitive result and unresolved novelty assessment. [family-level]
Comments and discussion
- Olle Häggström, What I write about the day after the most earth-shattering event in the history of mathematics (Crunch Time for Humanity, 2026-10-07). Häggström links both manuscripts among percolation problems he had worked on, mentions the role of the van den Berg–Häggström–Kahn inequality, and postpones detailed assessment. [family-level]
Formalization
- OpenAI math release, Critical percolation on every quasi-transitive graph (Lean scope note lean/docs/213.md) (OpenAI math release, 2026-10-06). The release's scope note says the Lean development proves that bond percolation has no infinite cluster at $p_c$ on every infinite connected locally finite quasi-transitive graph with $p_c<1$, with bond multiplicities allowed, alongside the $\mathbb Z^3$ bond and site statements. [family-level]
- OpenAI, lean/OAI/Probability/CriticalPercolation/Main.lean (openai/math, commit adc7f12). This is the release's Lean main file for this paper, with the theorem
no_percolation_at_criticalityfor locally finite quasi-transitive bond graphs with critical probability below 1. - Justin Leder (Lean code by Anthropic's Claude models), anthropics/formal-math: percolation (GitHub, commit 795efb8, 2026). This is an independent, earlier Lean formalization of the $\mathbb Z^d$ case ($d\ge2$) of this paper's theorem, through Kozma–Nitzan's reduction; the paper cites it as Leder2026. [AI-generated per source]
- Ahmed Bou-Rabee (Lean code by ChatGPT and Claude), percolation-after-anthropic (GitHub, 2026). This is an independent, earlier Lean development that includes Kozma–Nitzan Conjectures 1–4 and 6 on finite graphs, which bear on this paper's joint gluing inequality, and covers critical site percolation on $\mathbb Z^d$ for $d\ge3$; the paper cites the related expositions. [AI-generated per source]
Related prior literature mentioned by others
- Gil Kalai, Amazing: There is no Percolation at the Critical Probability in all Dimensions. (Solved by AI via a conjecture of Gady Kozma and Shahaf Nitzan.) (Combinatorics and more, 2026-09-03). Kalai's 7 October post presents this quasi-transitive result as extending the setting of this earlier post on the AI-produced $\mathbb Z^d$ bond proof. [family-level]
Possibly relevant literature (found by the agent, not checked)
- Arthur Blanc-Renaudie, Notes on Kozma and Nitzan's proof of θ(p_c)=0 (arXiv:2610.10502, 2026-10-07). This gives a human-written proof of the Kozma–Nitzan conjectures. It is relevant to the paper's joint gluing theorem (Theorem joint-gluing), which the paper relates to Kozma–Nitzan Conjecture 1.
- Jianping Jiang, Sike Lang, Yuxuan Sun, A connection inequality for the random-cluster model (arXiv:2610.26419, 2026-10-19). This proves a slightly generalized Kozma–Nitzan connection inequality for the random-cluster model with $q\ge1$, which bears on the paper's joint gluing inequality for Bernoulli percolation.
- Lucas Flammant, A finite-graph conjecture related to θ(p_c)=0 for Bernoulli bond percolation on Z^d (arXiv:2609.03492, 2026-09-03). This proposes a finite-graph connection statement that implies $\theta(p_c)=0$ on $\mathbb Z^d$. It is related to the paper's relay-set consequence of joint gluing used in the corridor exploration.
News and blogs
- Gil Kalai, Updates: Sharing AI progress on mathematics (amazing!); and my lecture plans (Combinatorics and more, 2026-10-07). Item 20 of the post lists the release's "absence of infinite critical clusters" for bond percolation on infinite connected locally finite quasi-transitive graphs with $p_c<1$, next to the separate $p_c<p_u$ family, and relates it to the earlier AI-assisted lattice criticality result.
Elsewhere
- VibeMathed: Problem record
- Emergent Mind: family 213
Independent sites; their content is not reviewed here.
Cite
@misc{OAI:No-percolation-at-criticality-on-quasi-transitive-graphs-September-24-2026,
author = {{OpenAI}},
title = {{No percolation at criticality on quasi-transitive graphs}},
howpublished = {OpenAI Math Release preprint
\href{https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/No-percolation-at-criticality-on-quasi-transitive-graphs-September-24-2026/paper.pdf}{OAI:No-percolation-at-criticality-on-quasi-transitive-graphs-September-24-2026}},
year = {2026}
}Lean formalization
OpenAI provides Lean files for this family: lean/docs/213.md. The Lean statements have not been checked by people against the paper's claims.
Family 213: Critical percolation on every quasi-transitive graph
Resolves the Benjamini–Schramm criticality conjecture for bond percolation on every infinite connected locally finite quasi-transitive graph with $p_c\lt 1$: at the critical probability, there is almost surely no infinite cluster. The family also establishes this conclusion for both nearest-neighbor bond and site percolation on ℤ3.
Other papers in this family:
- Critical bond and site percolation on the cubic lattice · September 24, 2026