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Lipschitz Equivalent Separable Banach Spaces Need Not Be Linearly Isomorphic
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Abstract
There are separable real Banach spaces that are globally bi-Lipschitz equivalent but not linearly isomorphic. This gives a negative answer to the separable Banach-space Lipschitz-isomorphism problem.
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Notes
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Automatically collected notes (unreviewed)
work in progress
Collected automatically by AI tools (Claude Opus 5.5 and GPT-6 Astra, 2026-10-21) and not checked by a person. May be wrong or incomplete. Report an error.
Formalization
- OpenAI math release, Lean scope notes for family 324 (lean/docs/324.md, 2026-10-06). The release's Lean scope document says the formalized counterexample gives bi-Lipschitz equivalent, non-isomorphic separable real Banach spaces with bounds $4/21$ and $76/25$, and also formalizes the obstruction involving $c_0(\ell_2)$; it points to the comparator file
LipschitzEquivalence.lean. [family-level] - anxkhn, feat(Paper): add Lipschitz equivalent nonisomorphic spaces (google-deepmind/formal-conjectures PR #6999, opened 2026-10-08, following issue #6994; still open when checked). Lean statement of Theorem 1.1 with the conclusion
IsEmpty (X ≃L[ℝ] Y), without the $c_0(\ell_2)$ obstruction and without aformal_proofattribute; reviewer bocowgill approved it on 2026-10-10 after checking that the statement matches Theorem 1.1 at the pinned commit.
Possibly relevant literature (found by the agent, not checked)
- F. P. Baudier and G. Lancien, Asymptotic and nonlinear geometries of Banach spaces and their interactions (arXiv:2512.00817, 2025-11-30). Book-length survey that opens with the classical Lipschitz and uniform classification of Banach spaces, the setting of the separable Lipschitz-isomorphism problem that Theorem 1.1 addresses.
Digests and expositions
- Latent Seminar, Bi-Lipschitz equivalence without linear isomorphism (2026-10-06). Exposition of both constructions' triangular inverse identities and distinct linear obstructions; it states explicitly that it does not independently verify the complete proofs. [family-level]
Elsewhere
- VibeMathed: Problem record
- Emergent Mind: family 324
Independent sites; their content is not reviewed here.
Cite
@misc{OAI:Lipschitz-Equivalent-Separable-Banach-Spaces-Need-Not-Be-Linearly-Isomorphic-September-24-2026,
author = {{OpenAI}},
title = {{Lipschitz Equivalent Separable Banach Spaces Need Not Be Linearly Isomorphic}},
howpublished = {OpenAI Math Release preprint
\href{https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Lipschitz-Equivalent-Separable-Banach-Spaces-Need-Not-Be-Linearly-Isomorphic-September-24-2026/paper.pdf}{OAI:Lipschitz-Equivalent-Separable-Banach-Spaces-Need-Not-Be-Linearly-Isomorphic-September-24-2026}},
year = {2026}
}Lean formalization
OpenAI provides Lean files for this family: lean/docs/324.md. The Lean statements have not been checked by people against the paper's claims.
Family 324: Lipschitz equivalent Banach spaces need not be linearly isomorphic
Constructs separable real Banach spaces that are globally bi-Lipschitz equivalent but not linearly isomorphic, resolving the separable Lipschitz-isomorphism problem negatively. Thus even the complete metric structure up to bi-Lipschitz equivalence does not determine a separable Banach space's linear isomorphism class.
Other papers in this family:
- Bi-Lipschitz Absorption of c0 Without a Linear Copy of c0 · September 26, 2026