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Exact Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer Formula from Low Selmer Corank

OpenAI · October 7, 2026

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Abstract

We prove the full Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer leading-term formula for every elliptic curve over ℚ whose full q-power Selmer group has corank zero or one at some prime q. The analytic and Mordell–Weil ranks equal that corank, and the Tate–Shafarevich group is finite. The formula includes all prime factors and requires no additional hypotheses on reduction, rational torsion, isogenies, complex multiplication, or residual Galois representations.

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work in progress

Collected automatically by AI tools (Claude Opus 5.5 and GPT-6 Astra, 2026-10-23) and not checked by a person. May be wrong or incomplete. Report an error.

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Comments and discussion

  • Ashay Burungale, BSD and the p-converse (guest post on Persiflage) (2026-10-15). Survey of BSD and the p-converse that describes the announced family results and the division of leading-term results between the companions; it cites this paper as treating "the odd-primary components of the BSD formula" and says correctness is still being analysed. [family-level]
  • Persiflage, A Brief Digest of Some New OpenAI Results, item 6 "Results on BSD" (galoisrepresentations.org, 2026-10-08). Links this paper and gives a first impression that the BSD results are "technical improvements on results already in the literature" rather than progress on higher rank; the author says they have not studied the paper and invites a guest post. [family-level]
  • David Loeffler, comment on the Persiflage digest (2026-10-09). Says the BSD results do not seem to go much beyond recent work of Skinner, Castella, Burungale et al., and notes that the cube-sum application has already been announced by several groups. [family-level]
  • Álvaro Lozano-Robledo, quoted in the Proofs and Prompts reactions roundup (2026-10-08). Notes the release targeted BSD but obtained partial results ("BSD, not Goldfeld's 50-50").
  • Alexander Smith (@Alexand11428651), post on X (2026-10-07). Says BSD in Selmer corank 0 and 1 was an active research area "likely to reach this point 'soon'", counts it as no progress on BSD, calls it "unwisely not formalized", and compares the 2-converse argument to work of Kriz and Nordentoft. [family-level]
  • Pierre Colmez (@ColmezPierre), post on X (2026-10-07). Contrasts the release's BSD and Riemann items, calling the claimed progress on BSD "pure PR, no content"; a later reply describes the result as "basically a matter of chasing powers of 2". [family-level]
  • Hara qui rit (@humanismetoussa), post on X (2026-10-07). Explains that full BSD in Selmer corank 0 and 1 combined with the Goldfeld conjecture gives full BSD for 100% of quadratic twists of any elliptic curve over Q, "still far from BSD." [family-level]

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Cite

@misc{OAI:Exact-Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer-Formula-from-Low-Selmer-Corank-October-7-2026,
  author = {{OpenAI}},
  title = {{Exact Birch--Swinnerton-Dyer Formula from Low Selmer Corank}},
  howpublished = {OpenAI Math Release preprint
                  \href{https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Exact-Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer-Formula-from-Low-Selmer-Corank-October-7-2026/exact-bsd-low-selmer-corank.pdf}{OAI:Exact-Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer-Formula-from-Low-Selmer-Corank-October-7-2026}},
  year = {2026}
}

Versions

This version removes an obsolete supporting citation and updates citations to revised manuscripts in this collection; see the previous version.

Family 002: The full BSD formula from low Selmer corank

Proves the full Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer leading-term formula for every elliptic curve over ℚ whose full q-power Selmer group has corank zero or one for some prime q, including finiteness of the Tate–Shafarevich group. With result 006, this gives full BSD for a density-one set of quadratic twists of every elliptic curve over ℚ.

Other papers in this family: