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Exact Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer Formula from Low Selmer Corank
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Abstract
We prove the full Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer leading-term formula for every elliptic curve over ℚ whose full q-power Selmer group has corank zero or one at some prime q. The analytic and Mordell–Weil ranks equal that corank, and the Tate–Shafarevich group is finite. The formula includes all prime factors and requires no additional hypotheses on reduction, rational torsion, isogenies, complex multiplication, or residual Galois representations.
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Collected automatically by AI tools (Claude Opus 5.5 and GPT-6 Astra, 2026-10-23) and not checked by a person. May be wrong or incomplete. Report an error.
Follow-up works
- Ruihan Chen, On the algebraic and analytic ranks of the twin-prime elliptic curve $y^2=x(x-2)(x-p)$ (arXiv:2610.09370, 2026-10-07). Computes the $2^\infty$-Selmer corank of this family and, taking the specialization at 2 of this paper's main theorem as an explicit hypothesis (Hypothesis 1.1), deduces rank equality, finiteness of Sha and the exact leading-term formula for $p\equiv3,5,7\pmod8$. [cites earlier version]
- First Use Labs, Faster BSD certification (local benchmark, 2026-10-09). Reports a computational adapter that applies Theorem 1.1 of the October 7 revision after a finite 2-Selmer bound, stating that it accepts the theorem as an unaudited premise.
Comments and discussion
- Ashay Burungale, BSD and the p-converse (guest post on Persiflage) (2026-10-15). Survey of BSD and the p-converse that describes the announced family results and the division of leading-term results between the companions; it cites this paper as treating "the odd-primary components of the BSD formula" and says correctness is still being analysed. [family-level]
- Persiflage, A Brief Digest of Some New OpenAI Results, item 6 "Results on BSD" (galoisrepresentations.org, 2026-10-08). Links this paper and gives a first impression that the BSD results are "technical improvements on results already in the literature" rather than progress on higher rank; the author says they have not studied the paper and invites a guest post. [family-level]
- David Loeffler, comment on the Persiflage digest (2026-10-09). Says the BSD results do not seem to go much beyond recent work of Skinner, Castella, Burungale et al., and notes that the cube-sum application has already been announced by several groups. [family-level]
- Álvaro Lozano-Robledo, quoted in the Proofs and Prompts reactions roundup (2026-10-08). Notes the release targeted BSD but obtained partial results ("BSD, not Goldfeld's 50-50").
- Alexander Smith (@Alexand11428651), post on X (2026-10-07). Says BSD in Selmer corank 0 and 1 was an active research area "likely to reach this point 'soon'", counts it as no progress on BSD, calls it "unwisely not formalized", and compares the 2-converse argument to work of Kriz and Nordentoft. [family-level]
- Pierre Colmez (@ColmezPierre), post on X (2026-10-07). Contrasts the release's BSD and Riemann items, calling the claimed progress on BSD "pure PR, no content"; a later reply describes the result as "basically a matter of chasing powers of 2". [family-level]
- Hara qui rit (@humanismetoussa), post on X (2026-10-07). Explains that full BSD in Selmer corank 0 and 1 combined with the Goldfeld conjecture gives full BSD for 100% of quadratic twists of any elliptic curve over Q, "still far from BSD." [family-level]
Related prior literature mentioned by others
- Samit Dasgupta and Mahesh Kakde, On the Brumer–Stark Conjecture (author manuscript, 2022-02-15). Burungale's exposition and its discussion identify this work as a precursor to the family's tame congruence methods. [family-level]
Possibly relevant literature (found by the agent, not checked)
- Wei Zhang, Selmer groups and the indivisibility of Heegner points (Cambridge J. Math. 2 (2014)). Proves the p-part of the refined BSD formula in analytic rank one for certain good ordinary $p\ge5$, relevant to this paper's odd-primary rank-one valuation; it is not cited here (the two companion papers cite it).
- Francesc Castella, On the p-part of the Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer formula for multiplicative primes (arXiv:1704.06608, 2017). Extends the Jetchev–Skinner–Wan rank-one p-part result to primes of multiplicative reduction, relevant to the paper's odd-prime leading-term claim; it is not in the bibliography.
Digests and expositions
- Ying Xie, What the Machine Invented: Mining New Mathematical Instruments from OpenAI's October 2026 Release of AI-Generated Mathematics, §9.1.1 (arXiv:2610.17090, 2026-10-12). Survey entry on family 002 that summarizes the three-paper chain, extracts tame variables, integral character division and the U(3,1) theta implication, relates them to Taylor–Wiles–Kisin, Scholze–Manning and Skinner–Urban/Castella–Liu–Wan, and lists caveats including a Kato-divisibility step at every odd prime. [AI-generated per source] [family-level]
Elsewhere
- VibeMathed: Problem record
- Emergent Mind: family 002
Independent sites; their content is not reviewed here.
Cite
@misc{OAI:Exact-Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer-Formula-from-Low-Selmer-Corank-October-7-2026,
author = {{OpenAI}},
title = {{Exact Birch--Swinnerton-Dyer Formula from Low Selmer Corank}},
howpublished = {OpenAI Math Release preprint
\href{https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/Exact-Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer-Formula-from-Low-Selmer-Corank-October-7-2026/exact-bsd-low-selmer-corank.pdf}{OAI:Exact-Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer-Formula-from-Low-Selmer-Corank-October-7-2026}},
year = {2026}
}Versions
- Earlier edition: October 3, 2026
This version removes an obsolete supporting citation and updates citations to revised manuscripts in this collection; see the previous version.
Family 002: The full BSD formula from low Selmer corank
Proves the full Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer leading-term formula for every elliptic curve over ℚ whose full q-power Selmer group has corank zero or one for some prime q, including finiteness of the Tate–Shafarevich group. With result 006, this gives full BSD for a density-one set of quadratic twists of every elliptic curve over ℚ.
Other papers in this family:
- The Selmer converse for elliptic curves at every prime · October 7, 2026
- The two-primary Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer formula in Selmer corank at most one · October 6, 2026