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Browse › Algebraic and complex geometry › 046 Shafarevich counterexamples in dimension two and with large fundamental group

A surface counterexample to Shafarevich holomorphic convexity

OpenAI · September 23, 2026

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Abstract

We construct a smooth connected projective complex surface whose universal cover is not holomorphically convex. This disproves the Shafarevich conjecture on holomorphic convexity in complex dimension two.

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  • Ben Laufer, OpenAI's most cited mathematician is OpenAI. (Substack "Applied Overthinking", 2026-10-08). A citation-network analysis of the release that uses this paper as node A of a citation cycle with the semialgebraic-covers and abelianity manuscripts; the author states that the papers were not read and that a citation cycle does not establish a circular proof.

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Cite

@misc{OAI:A-surface-counterexample-to-Shafarevich-holomorphic-convexity-September-23-2026,
  author = {{OpenAI}},
  title = {{A surface counterexample to Shafarevich holomorphic convexity}},
  howpublished = {OpenAI Math Release preprint
                  \href{https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/preprints/A-surface-counterexample-to-Shafarevich-holomorphic-convexity-September-23-2026/paper.pdf}{OAI:A-surface-counterexample-to-Shafarevich-holomorphic-convexity-September-23-2026}},
  year = {2026}
}

Family 046: Shafarevich counterexamples in dimension two and with large fundamental group

Constructs a smooth projective complex fourfold with large fundamental group whose universal cover contains no positive-dimensional compact analytic subvariety but is neither Stein nor holomorphically convex. A separate smooth projective complex surface already disproves unrestricted Shafarevich holomorphic convexity in dimension two.

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